| Initiation | Initiated by the player. | Initiated by the DM. |
| Purpose | Determines outcome of performing an action based on abilities. | Determines response to mimimize effects of external threats or dangers. |
| Example | - Climbing, swimming, jumping (Strength) | - Resisting poison or disease (Constitution) |
| - Sneaking quietly, dodging traps (Dexterity) | - Dodging a fireball, avoiding a trap (Dexterity) |
| - Enduring harsh environments (Constitution) | - Withstanding a mind control spell (Wisdom) |
| - Deciphering a puzzle (Intelligence) | - Enduring physical force (Strength) |
| - Noticing hidden objects (Wisdom) | - Resisting illusions (Intelligence) |
| - Persuading, deceiving (Charisma) | - Resisting banishment, charm (Charisma) |
| Proficiency | Depends on specific skills (e.g., Athletics, Stealth). | Based on class and level (each class has proficiency in two saving throws). |
| Situations | Used in a variety of situations driven by character actions. | Used primarily in reaction to threats or harmful effects. |